by Jon Fleetwood, Jon Fleetwood:
For more than four decades, the United States government, through the National Institutes of Health (NIH)—primarily its National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)—has funded Ralph Baric’s coronavirus research, from its earliest published molecular biology through decades of increasingly sophisticated laboratory technologies, experimental systems, mutation studies, and patented inventions.
Public discussion of Baric’s coronavirus work often begins with the 2018 DEFUSE proposal or his collaborations during the years immediately preceding COVID-19.
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The federal funding record tells a much longer story.
By the time DEFUSE was written, NIH had already spent more than three decades funding the successive development of Baric’s coronavirus research.
The earliest published evidence identified by this investigation appears in 1984, when Baric co-authored an NIH-funded chapter on the molecular mechanisms of coronavirus RNA synthesis that acknowledged support from NIH grant AI19244.
Over the decades that followed, successive NIH grants supported the development of coronavirus laboratory methods, reverse-genetics platforms, mutagenesis systems, infectious clones, engineered spike technologies, diagnostics, viral-entry models, mouse-adapted viruses, vaccine technologies, and federally supported patented inventions.
Rather than funding isolated experiments, NIH financed a continuous progression of coronavirus research in which each generation of work introduced new laboratory capabilities that expanded what researchers claim they can do with coronavirus genomes.
Baric’s NIH-funded publications repeatedly introduced new methods and technologies, while later patent applications acknowledged federal support for many of the resulting inventions.
Read chronologically, the grants, papers, and patents document more than a funding history.
They document the step-by-step development of an increasingly sophisticated coronavirus research toolkit.
By the time SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019, the public record shows that NIH had spent more than three decades funding the development of many of the experimental methods, laboratory technologies, and research platforms that were available for coronavirus research during the COVID-19 era.
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